In Japanese, nomikai 飲み会 means literally "drinking meeting," or "drinking party," that is, "to meet," au 会う, in order "to drink," nomu 飲む.
Typically, this term refers to coworkers meeting after-work to drink alcohol in an izakaya 居酒屋, which is a sort of Japanese bar-restaurant.
In Japanese, shichi-san-wake 七三分け, meaning literally "divided," wakeru 分ける, in 7:3 parts, refers to a hairstyle in which the hair is parted to one side, ideally 70% to one side, 30% to the other side.
It's also pronounced hichi-san-wake ひちさんわけ. Which side doesn't matter, 7:3, 3:7, it's all the same thing.
In Japanese, suke-bura 透けブラ means a bra that's visible underneath clothes, typically due to a wet shirt. It's also romanized sukebra.
In Japanese, OL means a woman who works an office job, it's an abbreviation of "office lady," and includes anything from pencil-pushers, to managers, CEOs, etc. It's not a specific profession. OL is the female counterpart of salaryman.
Sometimes, OL is translated to English as "secretary" due to stereotypes about working women.
OL is pronounced oo-eru オーエル.
See: katakanized alphabet letters.
In Japanese, a "salaryman" is a white collar office worker employed in any stable corporate slave job; it isn't a specific profession, but more like a pencil-pusher in a desk job kinda thing, typically seen wearing suit, tie, and suitcase. It's katakanized sarariiman サラリーマン,
Sometimes, it's abbreviated to riiman リーマン.
In manga and anime, a salaryman is archetypically a typical, common, average, generic Japanese adult man, who tends to have a non-confrontational personality—non-adventurous, weak-willed and servile, a pushover—often working overtime to the death at some exploitative company, and conforming strictly to the formalities of an extremely vertical organizational hierarchy by respecting the authority of his superiors.
In Japanese, mama まま and mama ママ are two different words with different meanings.
Spelled with hiragana, mama まま means how something continues in a way unchanged. It has several usages. Rarely, it's spelled with kanji, as mama 儘 or mama 随. It's sometimes pronounced manma まんま instead.
Spelled with katakana, mama ママ means "mom," an affectionate way to refer to one's mother, or one's "wife" in some cases.
Not to be confused with maa maa まあまあ, which is an interjection.
In Japanese, papa パパ means "dad," it's a affectionate way to refer to one's "father," and may also refer to one's "husband." It also means "daddy" as in a sugar daddy, an older man who pays a younger woman to date him.
Compared to other words that mean father, like otousan お父さん, papa is particularly common among little children. Older characters that use this word tend to be in amicable terms with their parents or just spoiled.
The female counterpart is mama ママ, "mom."
In many languages, "papa," "mama," "dada," "baba" and so on also mean father and mother, because those words are randomly babbled by babies, and parents simply decide such baby's first words should mean either father or mother.[Mama and papa - en.wikipedia.org, accessed 2021-02-01]
Given this, I'm not sure if the Japanese papa and mama are loan words or native words created through the process above.
In Japanese, enjo-kousai 援助交際 typically means a form of underage prostitution in which an older man pays a younger girl to date and have sex with him, which is at least two crimes.
In the broadest sense of the word, "compensated dating," literally "intermingling," kousai, for financial "support," enjo, there's a possibility that no crime is being committed, so long they're only having a date, like going to the karaoke, and the girl isn't underage.
Since compensated dating can also refer to other stuff like "sugaring," papa-katsu パパ活, and a rental girlfriend, I'll also include these terms in this article. In rare cases, it's also been translated as "subsidized dating."
Disclaimer: this article is for informational purposes only and doesn't endorse any of the practices listed in it.
The term enjo-kousai is also romanized enjo kōsai. It's sometimes abbreviated enkou 援交, or enjo 援助. Also spelled enkou 円光. Also called sapooto サポート, "support," abbreviated sapo サポ.
In Japan, there's a hand gesture for money that's very similar to the "OK" hand gesture in America: it's done by making a circle with the thumb and index finger.
This gesture is used not only to talk about hard cash, but also when talking about profits or other economic gains, about costs, things that are expensive, and so on. It just signifies money in general.
Warning: different cultures use the same gesture to signify different things. In Japan it's money, in America it's "OK," in some countries it's something obscene, and so on. Some culture also have different gestures for money, like rubbing the index and thumb together.
In grammar, "performative verbs," suikou-doushi 遂行動詞, are verbs that perform an action simply by being uttered. They're used in the simple present in English, and in the "nonpast form," hikakokei 非過去形, in Japanese.
English examples include: I say, I declare, I command, I promise, I allow, I permit, I forbid, and so on.
Japanese examples include: onegai shimasu お願いします, tanomu 頼む, meizuru 命ずる, yurusu 許す, kyoka suru 許可する, and so on.
In Japanese, the verb forms ~te-iru ～ている and ~te-aru ～てある are stativizers: they're composed of the te-form plus a hojo-doushi 補助動詞 "auxiliary verb" that's an stative verb, specifically the existence verbs iru いる and aru ある, and they're used to make eventive verbs into stative predicates so they can be reported in present tense in nonpast form, while also anchoring generic stative predicates to particular temporal episodes.
Basically, they work kind of like the progressive form "is ~ing" and the perfect form "has ~ed" in English. Observe:
It's probably not very useful in practice to know that ~te-iru and ~te-aru are stativizers. It's more useful to just learn their functions individually. But for the sake of reference I'll be writing this article to show how these two forms relate.
In Japanese, the verbs naru なる and suru する form an ergative verb pair of eventivizers: they're eventive verbs used with the adverbial form of statives, such as adjectives, stative verbs, and habitual predicates, in order to make said stative to behave like an eventive.
Notably, Japanese statives in nonpast form lack a future tense, so either a futurate or an eventivizer will be necessary to express a state is true in the future.
Note: naru and suru have other functions, but this article won't focus on them.
In grammar, a futurate is a present-tense sentence that expresses a future temporal reference. For example:
This is rarely relevant in Japanese, but it occurs in sentences like this:
In semantic grammar, "stative verbs," in Japanese: joutai-doushi 状態動詞, are verbs that express states, making them similar to adjectives. They contrast with eventive verbs, which express events.
There are multiple definitions for stative verb in Japanese. See lexical aspects for details.
In Japanese, stative verbs used in nonpast form express a state in the present tense only, which is exactly how adjectives is nonpast form work. Observe the difference:
Above, the eventive yomu has both present and future tense, the i-adjective aoi only has present tense, and the stative verb omou only has present tense as well.
Among verb types, eventive verbs are verbs that express events, which occur at some point in time. They contrast with stative verbs, which express states that are true during spans of time.
In Japanese, an eventive verb in nonpast form expresses that a futurity or a habitual. Tense-wise, future and present, respectively. A futurity is a future event. A habitual is a recurring event, often habit-like, though it can also mean whether an event is possible to occur at all.